Have you heard about the Kardashev Scale? If not, you are certainly in for a treat.
For us mere mortals on Earth, the Industrial Revolution was a huge step up for humanity and caused massive socio-economic and geopolitical changes forever. But just imagine what would happen if we were able to develop our technology to such an extent that we could actually leave Earth?
Highlighting the popular speculative element, Terraforming: Ecopolitical Transformations and Environmentalism in Science Fiction by Chris Pak should be mandatory reading for both students and fans alike.